Natural intelligence

Brought by: OpenLearn

Overview

One goal of artificial intelligence is to build machines that can operate in the real world, with all its noise and uncertainty. Much of what we want machines to do (see, recognise, navigate, move,...

Syllabus

  • Introduction
  • Learning outcomes
  • 1 Preliminary examples
  • 1 Preliminary examples
  • 2 Natural intelligence
  • 2 Natural intelligence
  • 2.1 Purposeful behaviour
  • 2.2 Systematic behaviour
  • 2.3 Structured and functional results
  • 2.4 Some conclusions
  • 2.6 A dreadful warning
  • 2.7 Natural, artificial, living
  • 2.7.1 Natural and artificial things
  • 2.7.2 Living things
  • 3 Natural and artificial intelligence
  • 3 Natural and artificial intelligence
  • 3.1 Intelligence and knowledge
  • 3.2 Nouvelle Al
  • 3.3 A final caution
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • Further reading
  • Acknowledgements
Natural intelligence
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Natural intelligence

Brought by: OpenLearn

  • OpenLearn
  • Free
  • English
  • Certificate Available
  • Available at any time
  • advanced
  • N/A
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