Computer Science / Algorithms and Data Structures

Introduction to Non-linear Data Structures in Swift

بواسطة: Codecademy

Overview

Learn about more complex data structures and implement them in the Swift programming language.

Data structures are a fundamental component of computer science. By understanding how these building blocks work, you'll be better able to build software and appreciate why API design decisions are made.

### Take-Away Skills

This course teaches you how to build complex data structures like graphs, heaps, and binary search trees from scratch. You'll also learn how to use these structures to access, add and remove information.

Syllabus

Nonlinear Data Structures in Swift: Get a general overview of nonlinear data structures in Swift and what's to come in this course!

Article: Nonlinear Data Structures in Swift

Trees: Learn how to build a tree in Swift.

Lesson: Trees: Conceptual
Quiz: Trees: Conceptual
Lesson: Trees: Swift
Quiz: Trees: Swift Quiz

Heaps: Learn how to build a heap in Swift.

Lesson: Heaps: Conceptual
Quiz: Heaps: Conceptual
Lesson: Heaps: Swift
Quiz: Heaps: Swift

Binary Search Trees: Learn how to build a binary search tree in Swift.

Lesson: Binary Search Trees: Swift
Quiz: Binary Search Tree: Swift

Graphs: Learn how to build graphs in Swift.

Lesson: Graphs: Conceptual
Quiz: Graphs: Conceptual
Lesson: Graphs: Swift
Quiz: Graphs: Swift

Graph Search: Learn how to implement a graph search algorithm in Swift.

Lesson: Graph Search: Swift
Quiz: Graph Search: Quiz

Computer Science / Algorithms and Data Structures

Introduction to Non-linear Data Structures in Swift

الذهاب الي الدورة

Introduction to Non-linear Data Structures in Swift

بواسطة: Codecademy

Codecademy
مجانية
الإنجليزية
متاح شهادة
متاح في أي وقت
advanced
N/A

Messages Timeline Exceptions Views14 Route Queries6 Models5 Gate Session Request

8.1.21000ms2MBGET ar/الدورات/{slug}

Booting (654ms)
Application (343ms)
1 x Booting (65.47%)
654.43ms
1 x Application (34.28%)
342.65ms

14 templates were rendered

public.courses.show (resources/views/public/courses/show.blade.php)3bladefile
Params
0
course
1
links
2
config
public.courses.partials.breadcrumbs (resources/views/public/courses/partials/breadcrumbs.blade.php)6bladefile
Params
0
__env
1
app
2
errors
3
course
4
links
5
config
public.courses.partials.heading (resources/views/public/courses/partials/heading.blade.php)7bladefile
Params
0
__env
1
app
2
errors
3
course
4
links
5
config
6
classes
public.courses.partials.details (resources/views/public/courses/partials/details.blade.php)6bladefile
Params
0
__env
1
app
2
errors
3
course
4
links
5
config
public.courses.partials.breadcrumbs (resources/views/public/courses/partials/breadcrumbs.blade.php)6bladefile
Params
0
__env
1
app
2
errors
3
course
4
links
5
config
public.courses.partials.heading (resources/views/public/courses/partials/heading.blade.php)7bladefile
Params
0
__env
1
app
2
errors
3
course
4
links
5
config
6
classes
public.layouts.main (resources/views/public/layouts/main.blade.php)6bladefile
Params
0
__env
1
app
2
errors
3
course
4
links
5
config
public.layouts.partials.meta (resources/views/public/layouts/partials/meta.blade.php)6bladefile
Params
0
__env
1
app
2
errors
3
course
4
links
5
config
public.layouts.partials.navbar (resources/views/public/layouts/partials/navbar.blade.php)6bladefile
Params
0
__env
1
app
2
errors
3
course
4
links
5
config
public.auth.profile.partials.links (resources/views/public/auth/profile/partials/links.blade.php)6bladefile
Params
0
__env
1
app
2
errors
3
course
4
links
5
config
public.auth.profile.partials.link (resources/views/public/auth/profile/partials/link.blade.php)8bladefile
Params
0
__env
1
app
2
errors
3
course
4
links
5
config
6
route
7
title
public.auth.profile.partials.link (resources/views/public/auth/profile/partials/link.blade.php)8bladefile
Params
0
__env
1
app
2
errors
3
course
4
links
5
config
6
route
7
title
public.auth.profile.partials.link (resources/views/public/auth/profile/partials/link.blade.php)8bladefile
Params
0
__env
1
app
2
errors
3
course
4
links
5
config
6
route
7
title
public.layouts.partials.flash-session (resources/views/public/layouts/partials/flash-session.blade.php)6bladefile
Params
0
__env
1
app
2
errors
3
course
4
links
5
config

uri: GET ar/الدورات/{slug}
middleware: web, localize:ar
controller: App\Http\Controllers\CourseController@show
as: ar.courses.show
namespace
prefix: /ar
where
file: app/Http/Controllers/CourseController.php:17-35

6 statements were executed11.04ms

select * from `courses` where `slug_ar` = 'introduction-to-non-linear-data-structures-in-swift' limit 1

9.73ms/app/Http/Controllers/CourseController.php:20corspedia

Metadata
Bindings	0. introduction-to-non-linear-data-structures-in-swift
Backtrace	17. /app/Http/Controllers/CourseController.php:20 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54 19. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205

update `courses` set `visitors` = `visitors` + 1, `courses`.`updated_at` = '2025-06-13 13:55:11' where `id` = 3297

400μs/app/Http/Controllers/CourseController.php:21corspedia

Metadata
Bindings	0. 2025-06-13 13:55:11 1. 3297
Backtrace	17. /app/Http/Controllers/CourseController.php:21 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54 19. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205

select `id`, `name_en`, `name_ar`, `topic_id`, `slug_en`, `slug_ar` from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` in (6)

280μs/app/Http/Controllers/CourseController.php:23corspedia

Metadata
Backtrace	20. /app/Http/Controllers/CourseController.php:23 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205

select `id`, `name_en`, `name_ar`, `slug_en`, `slug_ar` from `topics` where `topics`.`id` in (1)

180μs/app/Http/Controllers/CourseController.php:23corspedia

Metadata
Backtrace	25. /app/Http/Controllers/CourseController.php:23 26. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54 27. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43 28. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260 29. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205

select * from `providers` where `providers`.`id` in (53) and `providers`.`deleted_at` is null

200μs/app/Http/Controllers/CourseController.php:23corspedia

Metadata
Backtrace	20. /app/Http/Controllers/CourseController.php:23 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205

select * from `html_files` where `html_files`.`id` = 3288 limit 1

250μs/app/Models/Course.php:84corspedia

Metadata
Bindings	0. 3288
Backtrace	21. /app/Models/Course.php:84 28. view::public.courses.show:29 30. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:125 31. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58 32. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72

App\Models\HtmlFile: 1
App\Models\Provider: 1
App\Models\Topic: 1
App\Models\Subject: 1
App\Models\Course: 1

_token: lfRDzoACwTw8951QVaChUAiXwSQyKVCHeBE41UBg
locale: ar
_previous: array:1 [ "url" => "https://www.corspedia.com/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA/introd...
_flash: array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA: []

path_info

/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA/introduction-to-non-linear-data-structures-in-swift

status_code

status_text

OK

format

html

content_type

text/html; charset=UTF-8

request_query

[]

request_request

[]

request_headers

  0 of 0   
array:24 [▼
  "cf-ipcountry" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "US"
  ]
  "cf-connecting-ip" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "216.73.216.220"
  ]
  "cdn-loop" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "cloudflare; loops=1"
  ]
  "x-forwarded-proto" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "https"
  ]
  "x-forwarded-for" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "216.73.216.220"
  ]
  "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "none"
  ]
  "accept" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7"
  ]
  "user-agent" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
  ]
  "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "1"
  ]
  "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [▶
    0 => ""Windows""
  ]
  "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "?0"
  ]
  "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [▶
    0 => ""Chromium";v="130", "HeadlessChrome";v="130", "Not?A_Brand";v="99""
  ]
  "cache-control" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "no-cache"
  ]
  "pragma" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "no-cache"
  ]
  "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "document"
  ]
  "cf-ray" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "94f21583dc37eaff-ORD"
  ]
  "accept-encoding" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "gzip, br"
  ]
  "priority" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "u=0, i"
  ]
  "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "?1"
  ]
  "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "navigate"
  ]
  "cf-visitor" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "{"scheme":"https"}"
  ]
  "host" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "www.corspedia.com"
  ]
  "content-length" => array:1 [▶
    0 => ""
  ]
  "content-type" => array:1 [▶
    0 => ""
  ]
]

request_server

  0 of 0   
array:50 [▼
  "USER" => "www-data"
  "HOME" => "/var/www"
  "HTTP_CF_IPCOUNTRY" => "US"
  "HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP" => "216.73.216.220"
  "HTTP_CDN_LOOP" => "cloudflare; loops=1"
  "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO" => "https"
  "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR" => "216.73.216.220"
  "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_SITE" => "none"
  "HTTP_ACCEPT" => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7"
  "HTTP_USER_AGENT" => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
  "HTTP_UPGRADE_INSECURE_REQUESTS" => "1"
  "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA_PLATFORM" => ""Windows""
  "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA_MOBILE" => "?0"
  "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA" => ""Chromium";v="130", "HeadlessChrome";v="130", "Not?A_Brand";v="99""
  "HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL" => "no-cache"
  "HTTP_PRAGMA" => "no-cache"
  "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_DEST" => "document"
  "HTTP_CF_RAY" => "94f21583dc37eaff-ORD"
  "HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING" => "gzip, br"
  "HTTP_PRIORITY" => "u=0, i"
  "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_USER" => "?1"
  "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_MODE" => "navigate"
  "HTTP_CF_VISITOR" => "{"scheme":"https"}"
  "HTTP_HOST" => "www.corspedia.com"
  "REDIRECT_STATUS" => "200"
  "SERVER_NAME" => "corspedia.com"
  "SERVER_PORT" => "443"
  "SERVER_ADDR" => "141.95.147.152"
  "REMOTE_USER" => ""
  "REMOTE_PORT" => "39740"
  "REMOTE_ADDR" => "172.71.254.180"
  "SERVER_SOFTWARE" => "nginx/1.18.0"
  "GATEWAY_INTERFACE" => "CGI/1.1"
  "HTTPS" => "on"
  "REQUEST_SCHEME" => "https"
  "SERVER_PROTOCOL" => "HTTP/2.0"
  "DOCUMENT_ROOT" => "/var/www/corspedia/public"
  "DOCUMENT_URI" => "/index.php"
  "REQUEST_URI" => "/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA/introduction-to-non-linear-data-structures-in-swift"
  "SCRIPT_NAME" => "/index.php"
  "CONTENT_LENGTH" => ""
  "CONTENT_TYPE" => ""
  "REQUEST_METHOD" => "GET"
  "QUERY_STRING" => ""
  "SCRIPT_FILENAME" => "/var/www/corspedia/public/index.php"
  "PATH_INFO" => ""
  "FCGI_ROLE" => "RESPONDER"
  "PHP_SELF" => "/index.php"
  "REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT" => 1749822910.3195
  "REQUEST_TIME" => 1749822910
]

request_cookies

[]

response_headers

  0 of 0   
array:5 [▼
  "content-type" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8"
  ]
  "cache-control" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "no-cache, private"
  ]
  "date" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "Fri, 13 Jun 2025 13:55:11 GMT"
  ]
  "set-cookie" => array:2 [▶
    0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkZPTlY5VEo3emJFZE13Ulh3SHVuVXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRFpyMlZXOW03VzhWTUduNTlZeERETW1Tc2N3V1h3TTRvNCtIeGtzWVJtMGxXdlkxaHFpNEFCdkFQVGhNaHdmaUNpdVVVZk1YMnZzWHErdTA3NVo4ZVZtaURWazZFL1gwNTNXalFTRU5Dai9lVFN0czhRRmQzd2NleE94VkFPc1giLCJtYWMiOiIxNTA2MTBlM2E5OTA4YzczNGU2YWE5MjM2ZTJlZTdlZWU2MmQ1NWU0Yjk3ODMxODlhNjAxZmQwMDI3MmJkOTdmIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 13 Jun 2025 15:55:11 GMT; Max-Age=7200; path=/; samesite=lax ◀XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkZPTlY5VEo3emJFZE13Ulh3SHVuVXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRFpyMlZXOW03VzhWTUduNTlZeERETW1Tc2N3V1h3TTRvNCtIeGtzWVJtMGxXdlkxaHFpNEFCdkFQVGhNaHdmaUNpdVVVZ ▶"
    1 => "laravel_session=eyJpdiI6IjdESTltYTFGdDBWNDR2RXhKRlBBTGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRmdkK2ZqYlRvZXBLMlIycVpuVzJMOVhxK2o4eW1kMFovdmlQU0UzbXhkQ2ZnNzhpTUJjZnVKMmRtcXBFaUNGSmVOTE9SR3Z2ZkZxVlVRaUxBRmRvTndjUFNUZ3ZHWkVRMVd2UmJncm1VbXJYY0FnYUhaVko5Sk9zRUhGM2lHd1oiLCJtYWMiOiIxNDEzNmFiNGUwY2NhMzlmNzQ2YzFlY2E1N2Q3YjVkZTdmNzE5OWMwMDA2MWJkMjJkNThlNTYxMTliYWFkZDk5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 13 Jun 2025 15:55:11 GMT; Max-Age=7200; path=/; httponly; samesite=lax ◀laravel_session=eyJpdiI6IjdESTltYTFGdDBWNDR2RXhKRlBBTGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRmdkK2ZqYlRvZXBLMlIycVpuVzJMOVhxK2o4eW1kMFovdmlQU0UzbXhkQ2ZnNzhpTUJjZnVKMmRtcXBFaUNGSmVO ▶"
  ]
  "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [▶
    0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkZPTlY5VEo3emJFZE13Ulh3SHVuVXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRFpyMlZXOW03VzhWTUduNTlZeERETW1Tc2N3V1h3TTRvNCtIeGtzWVJtMGxXdlkxaHFpNEFCdkFQVGhNaHdmaUNpdVVVZk1YMnZzWHErdTA3NVo4ZVZtaURWazZFL1gwNTNXalFTRU5Dai9lVFN0czhRRmQzd2NleE94VkFPc1giLCJtYWMiOiIxNTA2MTBlM2E5OTA4YzczNGU2YWE5MjM2ZTJlZTdlZWU2MmQ1NWU0Yjk3ODMxODlhNjAxZmQwMDI3MmJkOTdmIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 13-Jun-2025 15:55:11 GMT; path=/ ◀XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkZPTlY5VEo3emJFZE13Ulh3SHVuVXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRFpyMlZXOW03VzhWTUduNTlZeERETW1Tc2N3V1h3TTRvNCtIeGtzWVJtMGxXdlkxaHFpNEFCdkFQVGhNaHdmaUNpdVVVZ ▶"
    1 => "laravel_session=eyJpdiI6IjdESTltYTFGdDBWNDR2RXhKRlBBTGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRmdkK2ZqYlRvZXBLMlIycVpuVzJMOVhxK2o4eW1kMFovdmlQU0UzbXhkQ2ZnNzhpTUJjZnVKMmRtcXBFaUNGSmVOTE9SR3Z2ZkZxVlVRaUxBRmRvTndjUFNUZ3ZHWkVRMVd2UmJncm1VbXJYY0FnYUhaVko5Sk9zRUhGM2lHd1oiLCJtYWMiOiIxNDEzNmFiNGUwY2NhMzlmNzQ2YzFlY2E1N2Q3YjVkZTdmNzE5OWMwMDA2MWJkMjJkNThlNTYxMTliYWFkZDk5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 13-Jun-2025 15:55:11 GMT; path=/; httponly ◀laravel_session=eyJpdiI6IjdESTltYTFGdDBWNDR2RXhKRlBBTGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRmdkK2ZqYlRvZXBLMlIycVpuVzJMOVhxK2o4eW1kMFovdmlQU0UzbXhkQ2ZnNzhpTUJjZnVKMmRtcXBFaUNGSmVO ▶"
  ]
]

session_attributes

  0 of 0   
array:5 [▼
  "_token" => "lfRDzoACwTw8951QVaChUAiXwSQyKVCHeBE41UBg"
  "locale" => "ar"
  "_previous" => array:1 [▶
    "url" => "https://www.corspedia.com/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA/introduction-to-non-linear-data-structures-in-swift"
  ]
  "_flash" => array:2 [▶
    "old" => []
    "new" => []
  ]
  "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => []
]